Shanghai Refuge: A Memoir of the World War II Jewish Ghetto

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Ernest G. Heppner was only a boy when the devastation of the November 1938 pogrom, euphemistically known as Crystal Night, introduced a new level of Nazi horror that ended his familys happy life. Heppner and his mother sailed to Shanghai, the only city in the world that did not require a visa.The 18,000 Jews who fled to Shanghai were confined by Japanese forces to an area one mile square. Heppner describes the daily struggle to survive overcrowding and disease, the underground world of criminals, hunger, heat, and humidity. Nevertheless, Heppner was selfreliant, energetic, and clever, and this first documented nonfiction account by a survivor is a tribute to human endurance.

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